This volume deals with the economic effects of immigration on the Danish public sector, in terms of both public income (through taxes) and public expenses (through transfers and the use of services).

The three main currents in twentieth century political thought and practice "fascism, liberalism, and social democracy", emerged not in isolation from one another, but rather as competing and conflicting ideologies connected with particular social strata in different parts of Central Europe. That historical legacy continues to exert influence on popular perceptions and the relationship of contemporary political parties in the post-communist world. This volume of essays seeks to place the forces of Neo-Liberalism, Social Democracy, and Neo-Fascism within their historical perspective and their appeal to contemporary constituencies. In addressing the left, center, and right political elements, an international group of authors presents detailed analyses of a myriad of political options, including the skinheads and Neo-Nazis of central Europe, Hungarian Social Democracy, the Civic Forum in the Czech Republic, the party system in Slovakia, the development of FPÖ in Austria, and the Radical right in the Czech Republic. Papers also document the fall and rise of Social Democracy in the Czech Republic, the undermining of Slovak democracy, and Austrian Social Democracy before and after 1945. Concluding articles reflect on the limitations of Liberalism in Hungary and the ideology and role of socialist parties in the post-socialist milieu of Eastern-Central Europe. This book will be invaluable in providing the historical environment with an understanding of a vibrant, sometimes turbulent political arena.

This book, dedicated to the influential Danish spider ecologist Edwin Nørgaard, contains contributions by authors from 16 European countries, and reflects the current areas of interest for researchers working with spiders, scorpions and related animals in Europe. It contains 46 original research articles and reviews covering a wide range of disciplines such as ecology and conservation, behaviour, physiology, morphology and systematics. A particular section is devoted to reproductive behaviour, with papers on sexual selection, sperm competition in relation to the structure of female genitalia, emasculation and sexual cannibalism in spiders, and parthenogenesis in scorpions. Silk, the structure and function of spider webs and how they are built, form another section. There are papers on sampling methods and faunistic analyses of the biodiversity and conservation value of spider communities from several types of habitats (forests, dunes, bogs etc.) in various European countries. Other papers deal with the value of spiders for agriculture, prey capture strategies, spiders' parasites, life cycles, neuronal mapping of reflex behaviour, the systematic classification of spiders and local faunistics.

The vast Castellani collection of ancient Greek pottery, now housed in the Villa Giulia Museum in Rome, has been studied by several scholars, notably Paolo Mingazzini who published part of the collection. A great deal, however, especially fragments and fragmentary pieces, remains unpublished. The aim of the publication of the Athenian Black Figure fragments is to make this important material available to all students of Greek pottery. Each piece in the publication is illustrated and described. There are a number of important pieces among them, and the fragments as a whole add to the knowledge of Athenian Black Figure pottery since the picture is distorted without them. The first volume by Lise Hannestad dealt with cups: kylikes, skyphoi, kyathoi, and mastoids. The second volume emphasises the closed vessels: amphorae, jugs, lekythoi, hydriai, craters, and dinoi.

Luristan in Western Iran was largely inaccessible to foreigners until the early 1960s when a new road linking the Great Khorasan Road with Susiana or Elam was built by the Danish engineering firm, Kampsax. This volume presents the settlement and tombs and graves of the centuries around 1000 BC, and includes identifications of animal and human remains, and teeth found there.

The initial aim of the Danish archaeological campaigns in Bahrain was to look for settlements contemporary with the "Hundred Thousand Gravemounds". After the first few campaigns it was evident, however, that the island was such a rich archaeological field that investigation of all periods from the earliest flint-using culture to the later Islamic world was called for. Among the Islamic remains was an exceptionally fine collection of Early Islamic pottery and glass recovered from the rubbish which filled up a well at the Barbar site where a temple from around 2000BC was excavated. These remains are published in this volume along with finds from the Islamic settlement at the Qala'a mound, especially the Islamic Fortress.

What does it take to change the behaviour of people and businesses with respect to the environment? In the 1990's a group of social scientists gathered to discuss this question from their individual perspectives in disciplines ranging from marketing to theology and jurisprudence to psychology. Rather soon it became clear to them that they first needed to focus on basic assumptions about human motivation and rationality; otherwise it was impossible for say, the economist who regards individuals as calculating maximisers of utility, to understand the sociologist who presumes they are role-playing or norm-guided beings. Prompted by these debates on first principles, this volume gathers together some of the participants' perspectives on rationality. Wherever possible, the authors link the discussion of rationality to matching conceptions of nature and human attitudes toward it.

This volume of "North Atlantic Studies" is a theme issue of conference presentations on particular religious belief and practices in the North Atlantic area and in the American and Eurasian north. The central theme is the relationship between human society and other realms or worlds. The papers deal with interaction through ritual, Shamanic practices, dreams, and imagery with the worlds of spirits, game animals, the dead and others removed in time or space from the human actors. There are extensive cross-cultural resemblances between such beliefs and practices within the northern regions. Historically such issues have been addressed in terms of climate, historical connection, evolution, structural or functional necessity, and psychological mechanisms and research in this field has taken place in different disciplinary frameworks with limited mutual contact. In the tradition of "North Atlantic Studies", scholars from different disciplines and research communities are brought together in the presentation of common themes in and around the North Atlantic areas. In this volume the contributors are anthropologists, archaeologists, a student of folklore, a biologist and, presenting a different viewpoint, a shamanic therapist.

The difficulties of a translation vary with the character of the text, the nature of the languages involved and the intended audience. Working in two languages that boast long recorded histories yet lack the status of 'passport' tongues, the contributors to this volume wrestle with the full range of problems encountered by translators everywhere. The sixteen pieces in the book draw on experience in diverse fields but may be roughly divided into four sections. The first focuses on translations from ancient Greek to Danish, with essays that describe specific textual challenges - the Iliad, the New Testament, the Greek tragedies translated for the stage - and take up the question of the reception of classical civilisation in Denmark. The second group covers renderings of modern literature in both directions, featuring general reflections as well as a contribution on translating Kierkegaard's Philosophical Fragments and a study of Achilleus Paraschos and Danish folk songs. The next section ventures into less literary territory with several appraisals of how Danish and Greek fare in the multilingual legal and administrative environment of EU institutions. The final articles leave books behind altogether to concentrate on subtitling of film in theory and in practice.

This volume is based on three years of teaching experiments with a group of primary school students as they progressed from the 3rd to the 5th class (ages 9 to 12). Whereas traditional pedagogical approaches focus on the nature of the subject matter being taught, Hedegaard assumes that any teaching program ought to incorporate children's everyday concepts and motivations. She relates this "double move" in teaching to situated learning and teaching and subsequently presents principles for putting the approach into practice. The experiments also aim to promote developmental learning rather than mere subject mastery. The first half of this book seeks to be theoretical, aiming to conceptualise the experiments in a culturo-historical framework, the second is practical in design. It presents and dissects a teaching example from history, as well as three extended case studies of individual students in orientation, an interdisciplinary subject that embraces biology, geography and history.

Since colonial times, Americans have viewed themselves as distinct from the inhabitants of other lands. Today, many still do: relishing a sense of their uniqueness more than ever, upholding the superiority of their democratic ideals and the vitality of their economic system. In an era of globalisation and post-modernity, meanwhile, scholarly discussion of American Exceptionalism among historians, sociologists, political scientists and literary and cultural critics has continued to pursue new directions. This issue of "The Dolphin" assesses the state of Exceptionalist debates at the close of what Henry Luce dubbed "the American century". Some of the essays revisit well-established expressions of Exceptionalism in American cultural history, while others draw on recent work in newer academic fields, including feminist and African-American studies, to develop or revise Exceptionalist discourses. Still others examine the concept in little-studied contexts, connecting it with such phenomena as judicial activism, regionalism and the Information Age. Embracing critical and sympathetic viewpoints alike, "Marks of Distinction" combines new scholarship from both sides of the Atlantic for an up-to-date survey of Exceptionalism, one of the most long-standing concerns of American Studies, from its origins to the present.

New globalised religions take two forms. Unlike new religions such as Transcendental Meditation, the former Unification Church and The Family, which are just a few of the recent religions to form networks of essentially identical communities around the world, the New Age beliefs discussed in this volume have spread without the benefit of any organisation or unified culture, and their more diffuse nature resists easy categorisation. While some of the chapters in this publication consider aspects of the general nature of New Age religion, the remaining chapters are case studies which examine particular New Age beliefs, including the healing movement, the spiritualisation of money and the UFO, gnostic and goddess myths.

In our poll-driven age, political attitude surveys have become something of an academic industry. Researchers have proposed numerous models to explain the relationship between a particular issue and voter behaviour, but there is no consensus on which approaches work best. "Issue Voting" offers a welcome overview of the various models in use today, their strengths and their shortcomings.

Using Vygotsky's ideas, this book contributes to the cultural-historical study of school children's learning. The focus is not only on activities within the classroom, but on the importance of various extraneous conditions, for example educational ideology.

The Greek city of Nikopolis was founded by Octavian (later known as the Emperor Augustus) after his victory in the naval battle of nearby Actium in 31 BC. The city was a result of a so-called synoecism, i.e. , the inhabitants of numerous Greek cities in the region (Epirus, Acharnania and Aetolia) were forced to leave their former dwellings and establish themselves in the newly built city, which became the capital of the coastal region. Since 1987 a joint Greek-American archaeological and geological Nikopolis project has registered, conserved and restored monuments inside and outside the city and conducted a survey of Southern Epirus aiming at understanding the changing relationship between humans and landscap

This collection of outstanding essays gives an in-depth look at the role of meals in creating a sense of family and community in the Mediterranean world in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. By looking at the dining habits of Greeks and Romans, Jews and Christians, Essenes and Therapeutes, an international cadre of scholars provides insight into how social mores and etiquette were passed on to children, how family life increased in importance for Christians, the conflict in styles when Greeks and Romans met, and how meals attained and sustained religious significance. Other topics include funerary banquets; the etiquette of a formal dinner; the position of women at meals; royal feasts; the development of the Eucharist as a separate ritual; the architecture of the Greek andron and the Roman triclinium, early synagogues and temples; the diets of each culture. A separate chapter discusses the provision of food for the hungry and the public ownership of the sea, salt and fish.