he medieval knight has a distinctive silhouette, despite the numerous legends which blur historical reality. At the turning point between the 12th and 13th centuries, while the feudal order was slowly disappearing in favor of the overwhelming royal will, some men stood apart from their contemporaries by their ability to fight on horses. They held the power and were considered little by little as the ruling class; they were the lords of the land. Thibaut des Puys de Morsaing, a young and poor bachelor, is about to achieve great success and become a rich land owner. Following his father's steps, who died during the Crusades, and his godfather's, Tristan de Maumesnil, he grasps the opportunities offered to him. The many events in the life of this imaginary character are used as a pretext to stage France's medieval society, from king Philippe Auguste to Saint Louis.

These ten papers from two Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference (2007) sessions bring together a growing body of new archaeological evidence in an attempt to reconsider the way in which the Roman army was provisioned. Clearly, the adequate supply of food was essential to the success of the Roman military. But what was the nature of those supply networks? Did the army rely on imperial supply lines from the continent, as certainly appears to be the case for some commodities, or were provisions requisitioned from local agricultural communities? If the latter was the case, was unsustainable pressure placed on such resources and how did local communities respond? Alternatively, did the early stages of conquest include not only the development of a military infrastructure, but also an effective supply-chain network based on contracts? Beyond the initial stages of conquest, how were provisioning arrangements maintained in the longer term, did supply chains remain static or did they change over time and, if so, what precipitated those changes? Addressing such questions is critical if we are to understand the nature of Roman conquest and the extent of interaction between indigenous communities and the Roman army. Case studies come from Roman Britain (Alchester, Cheshire, Dorset), France, the Netherlands and the Rhine Delta, looking at evidence from animal products, military settlements, the size of cattle, horses, pottery and salt. The editors also provide a review of current research and suggest a future agenda for economic and environmental research.

Minoan ladies, Scythian warriors, Roman and Sarmatian merchants, prehistoric weavers, gold sheet figures, Vikings, Medieval saints and sinners, Renaissance noblemen, Danish peasants, dressmakers and Hollywood stars appear in the pages of this anthology. This is not necessarily how they dressed in the past, but how the authors of this book think they dressed in the past, and why they think so. No reader of this book will ever look at a reconstructed costume in a museum or at a historical festival, or watch a film with a historic theme again without a heightened awareness of how, why, and from what sources, the costumes were reconstructed. The seventeen contributors come from a variety of disciplines: archaeologists, historians, curators with ethnological and anthropological backgrounds, designers, a weaver, a conservator and a scholar of fashion in cinema, are all specialists interested in ancient or historical dress who wish to share their knowledge and expertise with students, hobby enthusiasts and the general reader. The anthology is also recommended for use in teaching students at design schools.

Burial Mounds of Bahrain - Social Complexity in Early Dilmun

On March 7, 1808, President Thomas Jefferson received a long-awaited shipment of approximately 300 fossils from William Clark, who had just completed his westward expedition with Meriwether Lewis. The fossils were unearthed at Big Bone Lick in northern Kentucky, and over the years they had gained the interest of such prominent figures as Daniel Boone, George Washington, and Benjamin Franklin. Jefferson's receipt of the fossils was the realization of more than twenty years of the philosopherstatesman's interest in the site and its natural treasures. Big Bone Lick: The Cradle of American Paleontology recounts the rich history of the fossil site that gave the world the first evidence of the extinction of several mammalian species, including the American mastodon. Big Bone Lick has played many roles: nutrient source, hallowed ground, salt mine, health spa, and a trove of archaeological riches and paleontological wonders. Natural historian Stanley Hedeen presents a comprehensive and accessible narrative of Big Bone Lick from its geological formation forward, explaining why the site attracted first animals, then Native peoples of the region, European explorers and scientists, and eventually American pioneers and presidents. Big Bone Lick is a history of both a place and a scientific discipline: it explores the infancy and adolescence of paleontology from its humble and sometimes humorous beginnings. Hedeen combines elements of history, geology, politics, and biology to make Big Bone Lick an entertaining story as well as a valuable historical resource.

Table of Contents Préface (par Eva Cantarella) Avant-propos I. Sources du Droit 1. La loi dans lantiquité 2. Droit ptolé´maï¿que 3. Prostagmata et diagrammata 4. Lordonnance sur les cultures? II. La justice à luvre 5. Adikia 6. La justice des Lagides 7. Continuités égyptiennes 8. Un partage de competences 9. Une préhistoire des droits de lhomme III. Délits et sanctions 10. Lhomicide 11. Le prix du sang 12. La délation 13. Le délit religieux 14. Linjure verbale 15. Lapostasie 16. Lapotympanismos IV. Actes privés 17. Le document privé?: essai dune taxonomie 18. La famille en droit hellénistique? 19. La famille?: le témoignage des lettres privées 20. La famille : pères et FIls V. Continuités grecques dans le monde romain 21. Comment être Grec en Égypte sous lempire?? 22. La décade contre lhebdomade 23. Les titulatures impériales 24. Un empire universel

What an exceptional destiny was that of Matilda ! Born in Flanders in her her father, the Count Baldwin V's castle, she was introduced to William of Normandy who she was later to marry around 1050. She was far from imagining, on her wedding day, that she would one day be the Queen of a kingdom as powerful as, if not more than the kingdom of France or the Holy Gemanic Empire. From her union with William, she gave birth to a least ten children, two of whom were to become King. Designated Regent of Normandy during the Norman Conquest, she was later crowned Queen of the new Anglo-Norman Kingdomù, thus becoming one of the most influencial of William's companions. Whilst living a wise and exemplary life, this Queen of legendary discretion, managed to assert herself among her contemporaries, for whom she was an abiding source of praise.

This full color booklet tells the story of the origins of the Vikings through their assaults on Europe to the various established societies they created.There is information on Viking art, on runes on their constant quest for new territories and many other aspects of the story of this extraordinary people.

The authors present a version of the Battle of Orleans that Joan of Arc was the main actor, based on several essential sources. These give a picture overnight what was this terrible battle. Discussed here: the political context, the situation of the city, military science of the time, as well as biographies of French and English captains present at the battle.

Two 1998 excavations provide important new evidence of Roman and later development on the terraced ground north of the Thames and south of Cornhill. The Monument House site lay just north-east of the Roman bridgehead, immediately behind river quays and warehouses. First-century landscaping and gravel quarries were followed by timber buildings. Early 3rd-century redevelopment included a substantial masonry building and a subterranean drainage culvert which carried dirty water south from Cornhill to the Thames. It remained in use until the mid 4th century AD and has been preserved in situ beneath the new development. At 13-21 Eastcheap early buildings were sealed by Hadrianic fire debris. Rebuilding included timber drains and fragmentary masonry buildings. Later reoccupation at Monument House included a 10th-century AD sunken-floored building and medieval properties. A large 15th-century tenement east of Botolph Lane and north of Cat Lane was remodelled before destruction in the Great Fire. The finds assemblage includes rare ironwork, an ornate fireplace and decorated tiles. At 13-21 Eastcheap isolated medieval pits contained animal bone possibly related to Eastcheap's role as a centre of butchery.

Occupying a pivotal location on the western coast of Turkey, the Madra River Delta has always been a meeting place for the cultures of Anatolia and the Aegean, but active geomorphological processes in the area have hampered fieldwork, making it a significant challenge to reconstruct the history of the landscape and its exploitation by humans. Modern political geography has been another obstacle, encouraging the study of the area in isolation from the neighbouring islands of the northeastern Aegean, although from prehistory until the twentieth century they all belonged to one cultural area. The Madra River Delta Project called on distinguished international teams using innovative interdisciplinary approaches to meet these challenges, and the results presented here shed important new light on environmental changes in this part of the Anatolian coastal region, on their long-term impact on the inhabitants of the Delta, and on the cultural ties between the Delta and the island of Lesbos from the prehistoric to the Roman period. Two closing chapters focus on the area's medieval ceramics and its history in later Ottoman times. This volume places the story of the communities of this important coastal region in their environmental and cultural context.

This guide aims to be a strong incentive to the inquisitive voyager to Greece. Its purpose is to give, with the assistance of carefully selected photographs of the best quality, a basic outline of the directions which the traveller should follow in roaming the land; or more simply still what not to miss.

Construction of a water supply pipeline in Cambridgeshire provided an opportunity to sample the prehistoric landscape along a transect that crossed several major geological boundaries. This narrow window ran from the Lower Chalk of the ancient peninsula of Isleham, across the heavy low-lying clays of Soham and down into the peat fen of Stuntney and south-east Ely. Within the constraints set by the development, field investigation and subsequent analysis were conducted at several scales. In the initial stage, attention focused on predicted occupation areas (principally at the fen margins), while the intervening landscape between these areas and known sites was sampled. Along with palaeoenvironmental data, samples of flint, burnt flint and other materials provided a context within which to explore specific models for interpreting the character of later prehistoric landscape occupation across a diverse set of conditions. As a consequence of landscape sampling, six significant site areas were designated for archaeological investigation. These were located at the neck of the sand and chalk peninsula of Isleham, extending down its gradually sloping western edge towards the braided palaeochannels of the River Snail. This occupation-rich zone on the chalk contrasted sharply with areas of the fen that showed little evidence of early occupation where crossed by the pipeline. Two of these sites saw more extensive fieldwork funded by English Heritage, and these form the main body of the report. These different scales and intensities of work in the field are reflected in the structure of the report. The extensive survey and evaluation is dealt with in Chapter 2 and provides a full record of work conducted along the length of the pipeline corridor. Chapter 3 documents the more limited investigations conducted at four of the site areas identified in stage 1. The core of the volume lies in Chapters 4 and 5, which deal with the more substantive records arising from work at Prickwillow Road and around the palaeochannels of the River Snail. Dominated by Early Bronze Age and Earlier Neolithic material respectively, these sites add a significant body of information to our understanding of the later prehistoric sequence in the area, data which are set in broader context in Chapter 6.

Since 1970, the Bahrain National Museum has excavated thousands of graves from the so-called Tylos period (c. 300 BC to AD 600). The results of these excavations are now being published. The first volume presents c. 300 glass vessels from East Roman and Mesopotamian workshops, and c. 1800 pottery vessels of local produce. The interpretation of this material has made possible a new chronology of the Tylos period, and casts new light on relations between the Hellenistic Kingdoms and the Roman Empire on the one side and The Arabic region and the East on the other. Volume 2 will present two selected cemeteries from Bahrain and will outline the evolution of graves and burial customs throughout the Tylos period.

Bucchero is the most distinctive class of ceramic produced in Etruria, Italy, between the 7th and the 5th centuries BC. This publication aims to provide a complete up-to-date listing and description of the collection of bucchero in the British Museum; a collection that consists of over three hundred items including examples of all the important regional productions of bucchero. A previous partial publication of the collection in 1932 is now out-dated and in need of replacement. In addition to being a new, complete, fully referenced and illustrated catalogue, technical aspects of the production of the vessels have been meticulously studied in order to reconstruct a working sequence - detailing the steps in the manufacture of each vase. A final important contribution of the study is the investigation of the formation of the collection, which dates back to 1756, and the history of the study of bucchero.

A major new collection by leading contemporary English-language Welsh poets and literary scholars, including original poems by Gillian Clarke, Sheenagh Pugh, Tony Conran, Philip Gross, and Tony Curtis, essays by Wynn Thomas, Tony Brown, Jane Aaron, and Gavin Edwards, art history by Peter Lord. The 30 orginal contributions are thematically organized: I. Earth and Words, II. Landscapes, Warscapes, III. Welsh Women Writers, IV. Literature and Art, V. Literature and Religion.